Catalytic Converters
Catalytic converter is a way of treating exhaust gases. These convert harmful pollutants into harmless gases. H5N1 catalyst is a textile that causes chemic alter without entering into chemic reaction. In lawsuit the catalyst encourages to react amongst each other. For example, inward the HC/CO catalytic converter, the catalyst encourage5 the HC to unite amongst oxygen to create H20 (water).It encourages the CO to alter to CO2 (carbon dioxide). The catalyst inward the NOx converter splits the nitrogen from the oxygen. The NO thence becomes harmless nitrogen as well as oxygen. Figure 31-40 shows that a ii means type catalytic converter that converts exclusively HC as well as CO. Figure 31-40 too shows that the menses of the exhaust gas through the converter. The converter is filled amongst BB-shot-size metallic pellets. They are coated amongst a sparse layer of platinum or similar catalytic metal. The pellets shape a matrix through which the exhaust gas must pass. As the exhaust gas flows through the catalyst produces the chemic reaction. Another type of catalytic converter must purpose non-leaded gasoline. If the gasoline contains lead, the Pb volition coat the catalyst as well as the converter volition halt working. If this happens to the pellet type converter, in that location is a means to take away the sometime pellets as well as pose inward a accuse of fresh pallets. But inward the honey-comb type, the consummate catalytic converter must live on replaced.Please Read :
Dual bed as well as 3 means catalytic converters
There are 3 full general categories of catalytic converters .These are oxidizing, reducing, as well as 3 way. The oxidizing converter handles handles HC as well as CO, using platinum as well as palladium equally the catalyst. To command NOx, rhodium is used equally a reducing catalyst. It changes NOx to harmless N2. Instead of having ii separate catalytic converters inward the exhaust system, ane for HC as well as CO as well as the other for NOx, around manufacturers purpose either a dual-bed catalytic converter or a three-way catalytic converter.
A dual bed converter (Fig 31-42) is similar ii bead type converters inward ane housing amongst an air bedchamber betwixt them. The exhaust gas start passes through the upper bed, reducing the Nox as well as oxidizing about of the HC an CO. Then the exhaust gas flows through the air bedchamber to the lower bed, where the air catch is adding sufficient air for terminal oxidizing of the HC as well as CO.
A three-way catalyst is a mixture of platinum as well as rhodium (sometimes mixed amongst palladium). It acts on all 3 of the regulated pollutants (HC, CO as well as Nox), merely exclusively when the air-fuel mixture ratio is exactly controlled (Fig 31-43). If the engine is operated amongst the ideal of stoichiometric air-fuel ratio of 14.7:1, the three-way catalyst is real effective. It strips oxygen away from the Nox to shape harmless H2O (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2 as well as Nitrogen (N2). However, the air-fuel mixture must live on exactly controlled if thus activeness is to occur. For this reason, a closed-loop fuel-metering organization (either feedback carburetor or fuel injection) must live on used.
There are ii types of 3 means catalytic converters. They require keep a meshwork or honeycomb (Fig 31-44) coated amongst catalyst. The forepart department (in the direction of the gas flow) handles NOx as well as partly handles HC as well as CO. The partly treated exhaust gas as well as so flows through the air bedchamber into the nurture department of the converter. There the gas mixes amongst the air existence pumped inward past times the air pump. This is called secondary air. It puts to a greater extent than oxygen inward the exhaust gas to that the ii means catalyst tin require keep tending of the HC as well as CO.
Please Read :
Please Read :
Welding :
- TIG welding
- MIG welding
- TIG Aluminum Welding
- Submrged Arc Welding
- Flux shielded metallic arc welding procedure principles
- Resistance Projection Welding
- Resistance Spot Welding
- Resistance Seam Welding
- Different types of welding defects.
Casting:
- Different types of casting defects
- What is casting ? Main application of castings
- different types of patterns that are used on the sand casting process.
- different types of molding sand
- properties of diverse natural as well as synthetic molding sands
- Comparison of unlike casting processes.
- Advantages as well as disadvantages of centrifugal castings.
Power flora anf renewable energy:
- impact of renewable liberate energy on the global warming inward India
- Important biogas flora works inward Bharat - Fixed Dome Type Janata Model
- Biomass - ane of the around cheapest non-conventional liberate energy sources
- Renewable liberate energy the slap-up light-green promise !
- Renewable liberate energy sources - graphical representation
- Pros as well as Cons of Geothermal Energy
- Solar liberate energy pros as well as cons
- Different renewable liberate energy sources - graphical presentation
- What is the cheapest renewable liberate energy rootage - biomass
- Solar pond catch or solar natural springtime catch advantages as well as disadvantages
- Wave liberate energy pros as well as cons